Top 20 Kubernetes Interview Questions Answers for 1 to 3 Years Experienced

Hello guys, if you are preparing for Software developer or DevOps engineer Interview where Cloud Computing and Kubernetes skill are needed or mentioned in Job description then you should prepare for Kubernetes questions on Interviews. Kubernetes has quickly become an essential tool to deploy your application on Cloud and that's true not just for Java developers but also for Python, JavaScript, and Golang developers. If you already know the importance of Kubernetes and looking for common Kubernetes questions from interviews then you have come to the right place. Earlier, I have shared both Docker Interview questions and DevOps Interview Questions and in this article, I am going to share 20 common Kubernetes questions with answers.

If you have used Kubernetes in work or familiar with Kubernetes and kubectl command then you can easily answer these questions but if you struggle to answer them then you can always join one of these best Kubernetes courses to learn and revise key Kubernetes concepts. 

The time for you to pass your Kubernetes interview has come. You will pass the interview because you have come at the right time to source what will help you have an easy time during the interview. Having an easy time will depend on how easy the questions that you will face will be.

Preparation is what will guarantee you an easy time because by preparing, you will be able to know what kind of questions are usually asked in such an interview. This article has provided you with the top 20 questions that you need to know before you can set foot in a Kubernetes interview room. 

Top 20 Kubernetes Interview Questions with Answers

Without wasting anymore of your time, here is the list of 20 Kubernetes Interview questions for developers and DevOps Engineers. I have tried to cover key Kubernetes concepts using these questions and you can use this list for quick revision and preparation. The questions are as follows:

1. What is Kubernetes? What it does?
Answer: Kubernetes is a container management system developed in the Google and later open sourced. The purpose of Kubernetes is to manage a containerized application in various types of physical, virtual, and cloud environments. Kubernetes can deploy your application in containerized format. It can automatically scale your application by creating new instances and then automatically destroy them when not need. It can also auto-start your application if it goes down. Applications are run inside pods which is managed by Kubernetes. 

2. What are the features of Kubernetes?
Answer: The features of Kubernetes are:

• Automated Scheduling
• Self-Healing Capabilities
• Automated rollouts & rollback
• Horizontal Scaling & Load Balancing
• Offers environment consistency for development, testing, and production
• Infrastructure is loosely coupled to each component can act as a separate unit
• Provides a higher density of resource utilization
• Offers enterprise-ready features
• Application-centric management
• Auto-scalable infrastructure
• You can create predictable infrastructure

3. What are the disadvantages of Kubernetes?
Answer:

• Kubernetes dashboard is not as helpful as it should be
• Security is not very effective.
• It is very complex and can reduce productivity
• Kubernetes is more costly than its alternatives.

4. What are the tools that are used for container monitoring?
Answer: Tools used for container monitoring are:

• Heapster
• cAdvisor
• Prometheus
• InfluxDB
• Grafana

5. What are the components of Kubernetes?
Answer: The three components of Kubernetes are:

• Addons
• Node components
• Master Components

6. What is a node in Kubernetes?
Answer: A node is the smallest unit of hardware. It defines a single machine in a cluster that can be a virtual machine from a cloud provider or a physical machine in the data center. Every machine available in the Kubernetes cluster can substitute other machines.

7. What is Heapster in Kubernetes?
Answer: A Heapster is a metrics collection and performance monitoring system for data that are collected by the Kublet.

8. Why is namespace used in Kubernetes?
Answer: Namespaces in Kubernetes are used for dividing cluster resources between users. It helps the environment where more than one user spread projects or teams and provides a scope of resources.

9. What is Kube-proxy?
Answer: Kube-proxy is an implementation of both a network proxy and a load balancer. It is used to support service abstraction used with other networking operations. It is responsible for directing traffic to the container depend on IP and the port number.

10. What are the tools that are used for container monitoring?
Answer: Tools that are used for container monitoring are:

• Heapster
• cAdvisor
• Prometheus
• InfluxDB
• Grafana

11. What are the uses of GKE?
Answer: The uses of the GKE (Google Kubernetes Engine) are:

• It can be used to create docker container clusters
• Resize application controllers
• Update and then upgrade the clusters of container
• Debug cluster of the container.
• GKE can be used to creates a replication controller, jobs, services, container pods, or load balancer.

12. What are some important Kubectl commands?
Answer: The important Kubectl commands are as follows:

• kubectl annotate
• kubectl cluster-info
• kubectl attach
• kubectl apply
• kubectl config
• kubectl autoscale
• kubectl config current-context
• kubectl config set.

And here is the structure of kubectl command for easy reference:

13. What are the objectives of the replication controller?
Answer: The objectives of the replication controller are:

• It is responsible for controlling and administering the pod lifecycle.
• It monitors and verifies whether the allowed number of replicas are running or not.
• The replication controller helps the user to check the pod status.
• It enables to alter a pod. The user can drag its position the way interested in it.

14. What are the ways to provide API-Security on Kubernetes?
Answer: The ways to provide API-Security on Kubernetes are as follows:

• Using correct auth mode with API server authentication mode= Node.
• Make kubeless that protects its API via authorization-mode=Webhook.
• Ensure the kube-dashboard uses a restrictive RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) policy

15. What are the types of Kubernetes Volume?
Answer: The types of Kubernetes Volume are as follows:

• EmptyDir
• GCE persistent disk
• Flocker
• HostPath
• NFS
• ISCSI
• rbd
• PersistentVolumeClaim
• downwardAPI

16. What is PVC?
Answer: PVC stands for Persistent Volume Claim. It is storage requested by Kubernetes for pods. The user does not require to know the underlying provisioning. This claim should be created in the same namespace where the pod is created.

17. What are federated clusters?
Answer: Federated clusters refer to multiple clusters that are managed as a single cluster.

18. What are examples of some recommended security measures for Kubernetes?
Answer:

• Defining resource quotas
• Auditing support
• Providing restricted access to etcd
• Regular security updates
• Network segmentation
• Strict resource policies
• Regular scans for security vulnerabilities
• Using images from repositories that are authorized

19. What is the use of Kubelet?
Answer: A Kubelet is the lowest level component present in Kubernetes. It is used for supporting and maintaining what’s running on every individual machine. It's like a process watcher focused on running a given set of containers.

20. What is Minikube in Kubernetes?
Answer: Minikube is an open-source tool that enables a user to run Kubernetes on a laptop or other local machines. It can work with various Operating Systems like Linux, Mac, and Windows. It works as a single-node cluster inside a virtual machine on your local machine. It is used in Kubernetes to evaluate important features and help scale the environment via effective maintenance and control.

That's all about 20 common Kubernetes Interview questions with Answers. In a nutshell, the above-mentioned questions with answers are what you need right now so that you can pass your interview. The interview is not as hard as you may think. It is just like any other and you can make it to the end if you give it your best shot. Keep going through the questions with the answers and you will see how easy they are. Wish you the best of luck.

       

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Thanks for reading this article so far. All the best for your DevOps or Developer interviews and if you have any questions which don't know answer or any doubt feel free to ask in comments. Also don't forget to share what kind of Kubernetes question was asked to you on your interviews? Are the command based or concepts based etc? If you can share actual questions that would be even better, of course if its allowed. 

P.S. - If you want to learn Kubernetes in depth and you need resources then you can always checkout this list of free Kubernetes courses and this list of paid Kubernetes courses. Of course paid ones are better but free ones are also not bad and you can easily learn all essential K8 concept by going through them.